SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF IRAQI AMBER RICE HUSK COMPONENTS PRODUCER OF ECO-FRIENDLY BIOPLASTIC

Abstract

Reducing agricultural waste is necessary to prepare environmentally friendly materials at a low cost and economic feasibility. In this research, cellulose was extracted from Amber rice husks (ARH) using three types of extractions: 12% sodium hydroxide, an autoclave for 30 min, treatment with 25% food waste fermentation extract for 7 d, then bleaching the products for one hour at 80 °C by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. The percentage of extracted cellulose was 45.62, 61.05, and 45.06% for the chemical, physical, and biological extractions, respectively, with the best rate for the physical treatment based on the remaining concentrations of lignin being 5.17, 3.16, and 3.33% respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of pure cellulose and cellulose that was extracted using the chemical, physical, and biological methods from Amber rice husks observed stretching vibration of O-H and C-H bonds in polysaccharides is characterized by wave number 3500-3000 cm^-1, with peaks at 3400.50, 3433.29, 3415.93, and 3437.15 cm^-1 respectively, broad peaks 2908.65, 2926.01, 2922.16, and 2924.09 cm^-1 respectively, is thought to be caused by the CH stretching vibration of all hydrocarbon constituents in polysaccharides. In cellulose, the vibrations of absorbed water molecules are represented by the peaks at 1633 cm^-1 correspond with bands at 1637.56, 1641.42, 1647.21, and 1637.56 cm^-1 respectively, on the other hand, absorbance at 1431.18, 1377.17, 1382.96, and 1431.18 cm¹ respectively, is associated with the stretching and bending vibrations of the cellulose (-CH₂), (CH), (OH), and (C-O) bonds. At the same time, the stretch vibration of the (C-O-C) bonds in the 1,4-glycosidic linkage that connects the d-glucose units to cellulose is therefore referred to as absorbance at 1161.15, 1095.57, 1097.50, and 1103.28 cm^-1 respectively. Thus, the amorphous region of cellulose is responsible for the peaks located at 898.83, 910.40, 796.60, and 794.67 cm^-1 respectively.